$20 Bonus + 25% OFF
Securing Higher Grades Costing Your Pocket?
Book Your Assignment at The Lowest Price
Now!
Students Who Viewed This Also Studied
PY3002 Biology
Questions:
Introduction:
The sodium calcium exchanger comprises of electrogenic membranes that are attached to secondary transporters that facilitate the transport of calcium across the organelles or cell membranes to regulate the levels of calcium in the cytosol. The sodium calcium exchanger uses ATP as the energy molecule stored in the electrochemical gradient of sodium to allow sodium to flow across the plasma membrane in exchange for calcium ions in where one calcium ion is exported in exchange for three sodium ions (Sibarov et al., 2018). The antiporter membrane proteins play’s a significant role of intracellular calcium regulation. Digitalis has significant effects on the heart through its action on active cell transport. The substance enhances the actions of sodium calcium exchanger as well as sodium-potassium ATPase of the heart muscle cells. This inhibits ATPase irreversibly resulting in high levels of intracellular sodium. The build-up of sodium in the myocytes shifts sodium from the extracellular compartments through the sodium calcium exchanger in exchange for calcium ions.
The structure and function of sodium-calcium exchanger:
The sodium-calcium exchanger is a major mechanism which facilitates calcium efflux in cardiac myocytes. It is responsible for the regulation of cellular calcium content, and therefore affects the heart’s contractility. During heart failure, there is an increase calcium efflux by the sodium-calcium exchanger, causing a decreased calcium load and dysfunction to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, resulting to a reduced contractility. On the other hand, in states of reduced calcium efflux due to elevated intracellular sodium, such as in glycosides like digitalis, the calcium load in the sarcoplasmic reticulum increases, increasing the cardiac contractility (Ottolia et al., 2014).
Effect of Digitalis on Heart:
Digitalis is a cardiac glycoside which primarily inhibits the sodium-potassium-ATPase. This causes higher intracellular sodium concentration, and therefore a reduced efficacy of the sodium-calcium exchanger. This ultimately leads to higher intracellular calcium concentration, which causes increased contractility, reduced velocity of electric conduction via atrioventricular node depression, and reduction of heart rate via the sinoatrial node depression in the cardiac muscles (Katzung and Trevor, 2014).
How digitalis affects the heart through its action on active cell transport including all related transport:
It is currently commonly concurred that sodium-potassium-ATPase a vehicle compound got from the sarcolemma sodium siphon, is the essential site at which digitalis applies its consequences for the myocardial cell. Hindrance of the capacity of this particle transport chemical to catalyse sodium ions efflux from the cell in return for potassium ions leads to both the helpful and harmful impacts of the heart glycosides. The instrument by which digitalis restrains the sodium pump has been set up in investigations of sodium-potassium-ATPase which show that the capacity of heart glycosides to hinder adenosine triphosphate (ATP)- upheld transport of sodium ions is diminished within the sight of raised degrees of potassium ions. These investigations clarify the capacity of hypokalaemia to potentiate the impacts of cardiovascular glycosides on the heart, and of high potassium ions concentrations to conquer the hindrance of sodium pump action by the heart glycosides. Late exhibits that the positive inotropic impact of the cardiovascular glycosides has corresponded with expanded intracellular sodium ions provide solid proof that these impacts of digitalis to disable sodium efflux are liable for the expanded myocardial contractility brought about by digitalis.
Digitalis’ ability to increase cardiac contraction is closely associated with the disruption of active transport mechanisms involved in the movement of sodium and potassium across cell membranes. It is also a mechanism that explains the common toxicity problems with the use of cardiac glycosides: myocardial inflammation and heart obstruction.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the sodium calcium exchanger is an antiporter membrane which relies on ATP to facilitate the exchange of sodium with calcium to regulate intracellular calcium levels.
PY3002 Biology
Answer in Detail
Solved by qualified expert
Get Access to This Answer
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Hac habitasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque. Amet dictum sit amet justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Neque convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae. Elit at imperdiet dui accumsan. Nisl condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien pellentesque. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Malesuada fames ac turpis egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere. Et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Potenti nullam ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt tortor aliquam. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere urna. Vel orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Ultricies tristique nulla aliquet enim tortor at auctor urna. Orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet.
Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare suspendisse sed nisi. Pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac tortor vitae. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean sed. At consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et. Nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus. Duis at tellus at urna condimentum mattis pellentesque. Vivamus at augue eget arcu dictum varius duis at. Justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Blandit libero volutpat sed cras ornare arcu. Ac felis donec et odio pellentesque diam volutpat commodo. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque. Tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus. Tortor consequat id porta nibh.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Hac habitasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque. Amet dictum sit amet justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Neque convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae. Elit at imperdiet dui accumsan. Nisl condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien pellentesque. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Malesuada fames ac turpis egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere. Et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Potenti nullam ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt tortor aliquam. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere urna. Vel orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Ultricies tristique nulla aliquet enim tortor at auctor urna. Orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet.
Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare suspendisse sed nisi. Pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac tortor vitae. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean sed. At consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et. Nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus. Duis at tellus at urna condimentum mattis pellentesque. Vivamus at augue eget arcu dictum varius duis at. Justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Blandit libero volutpat sed cras ornare arcu. Ac felis donec et odio pellentesque diam volutpat commodo. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque. Tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus. Tortor consequat id porta nibh.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Hac habitasse platea dictumst vestibulum rhoncus est pellentesque. Amet dictum sit amet justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Neque convallis a cras semper auctor neque vitae. Elit at imperdiet dui accumsan. Nisl condimentum id venenatis a condimentum vitae sapien pellentesque. Imperdiet massa tincidunt nunc pulvinar sapien et ligula. Malesuada fames ac turpis egestas maecenas pharetra convallis posuere. Et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Suscipit tellus mauris a diam maecenas sed enim. Potenti nullam ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada. Tellus pellentesque eu tincidunt tortor aliquam. Sit amet purus gravida quis blandit. Nec feugiat in fermentum posuere urna. Vel orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Ultricies tristique nulla aliquet enim tortor at auctor urna. Orci sagittis eu volutpat odio facilisis mauris sit amet.
Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Tellus molestie nunc non blandit massa enim nec dui. Ac tortor vitae purus faucibus ornare suspendisse sed nisi. Pharetra et ultrices neque ornare aenean euismod. Pretium viverra suspendisse potenti nullam ac tortor vitae. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean sed. At consectetur lorem donec massa sapien faucibus et. Nisi quis eleifend quam adipiscing vitae proin sagittis nisl rhoncus. Duis at tellus at urna condimentum mattis pellentesque. Vivamus at augue eget arcu dictum varius duis at. Justo donec enim diam vulputate ut. Blandit libero volutpat sed cras ornare arcu. Ac felis donec et odio pellentesque diam volutpat commodo. Convallis a cras semper auctor neque. Tempus iaculis urna id volutpat lacus. Tortor consequat id porta nibh.
19 More Pages to Come in This Document. Get access to the complete answer.
Looking for an answer to ‘can I pay someone to do my coursework?’ Then get on MyAssignmenthelp.com. We are experts in providing high quality college coursework help in Australia that fits comfortably into your student budget. Besides that, we also offer top-notch marketing coursework help and chemistry coursework help. We guarantee you every paper will be plagiarism-free and delivered on time.
More PY3002 PY3002 Biology: Questions & Answers
Chloroplasts And Vacuoles, Their Functions
Explain Chloroplasts and Vacuoles with their function, structure & diagram? What are the difference between Chloroplasts and Vacuoles? …
View Answer
Disease Diagnosis
Task:
It is a group work assignment so I have to complete my work for only 1 section of 300 words. Differential Diagnosis is the topic : 1.Describe three (3) similar diseases. List 3 similar diseases (0.25 marks each). Describe why they are similar (0.25 marks each). 2. Describe how they are differ …
View Answer
Management
The purpose of the introduction is to introduce the general nature of the problem under investigation. Authors should not assume that all readers would know why an area is worth studying. This is the first component of the laboratory report that is read and as such should set a framework for t …
View Answer
BIO 3352 Bioinformatics
Task:
Molecular Modeling
1. Define molecular modeling.
2. Be able to identify possible uses and applications of molecular modeling.
3. What are the advantages of computer models over physical models?
4. How are macromolecular structures solved experimentally? Be able to describe the details o …
View Answer
Content Removal Request
If you are the original writer of this content and no longer wish to have your work published on Myassignmenthelp.com then please raise the
content removal request.
Choose Our Best Expert to Help You
Vicki Moore
Masters of Biology with specialization in Botany
110 – Completed Orders
Hire Me
Hugh Cleave
Masters in Human Resource Management (MMgt, HRM)
752 – Completed Orders
Hire Me
Still in Two Minds? The Proof is in Numbers!
33845 Genuine Reviews With a Rating of 4.9/5.
Assignment
Assignment: 4 Pages, Deadline:
5 days
My assignment helper is so amazing, she did my work before my requirement dead line.
User ID: 8***98 United States
Programing
Programming: 11.2 Pages, Deadline:
3 days
Python coding assignment work completed well. This assignment was done thoroughly and was in correct format. However there were some few small errors
User ID: 8***31 United States
Accounting
Programming: 8 Pages, Deadline:
14 days
Great writing and referencing snsjsnsnsndndndbbxdbndkajznzmzmkeidndbfjdbr jddhhd s j
User ID: 8***81 United Arab Emirates
Finance
Home Work: 1 Page, Deadline:
4 days
Lectuerer had replied that the 3 questions are good, please procced with the assisgnment. Thank you.
User ID: 8***50 Singapore
Psychology
Home Work: 1 Page, Deadline:
21 hours
Recieved help with my assignment and received it a few hours earlier than deadline which was awesome!
User ID: 8***08 United States
Finance
Home Work: 4 Pages, Deadline:
2 days
It was a very nice written piece of paper. Good referencing. Well written, i got almost 60. I think writers should improve more
User ID: 6***62 Greece
Management
Assignment: 4 Pages, Deadline:
5 days
Great work and formatting. The rubric was followed and your help certainly bumped up my grades. Thank you for your help!!
User ID: 1***16 Mississauga, Canada
Supply Chain
Assignment: 2 Pages, Deadline:
5 days
I am delighted with expert work this time because the assignment is written with excellent words and less similarity.
User ID: 7***43 Australia
Statistics
Thesis: 19 Pages, Deadline:
9 days
Assignment was good. and i scored the amount i was looking for. passed all assignments
User ID: 3***26 Male, Maldives
Statistics
Programming: 2.4 Pages, Deadline:
4 days
Perfect score, the assignment was excellently done, great service, the professor, said excellent grade. I will continue using this service for all my …
User ID: 1***17 New York, United States
Assignment
Assignment: 4 Pages, Deadline:
5 days
My assignment helper is so amazing, she did my work before my requirement dead line.
User ID: 8***98 United States
Programing
Programming: 11.2 Pages, Deadline:
3 days
Python coding assignment work completed well. This assignment was done thoroughly and was in correct format. However there were some few small errors
User ID: 8***31 United States
Accounting
Programming: 8 Pages, Deadline:
14 days
Great writing and referencing snsjsnsnsndndndbbxdbndkajznzmzmkeidndbfjdbr jddhhd s j
User ID: 8***81 United Arab Emirates
Finance
Home Work: 1 Page, Deadline:
4 days
Lectuerer had replied that the 3 questions are good, please procced with the assisgnment. Thank you.
User ID: 8***50 Singapore
Psychology
Home Work: 1 Page, Deadline:
21 hours
Recieved help with my assignment and received it a few hours earlier than deadline which was awesome!
User ID: 8***08 United States
Finance
Home Work: 4 Pages, Deadline:
2 days
It was a very nice written piece of paper. Good referencing. Well written, i got almost 60. I think writers should improve more
User ID: 6***62 Greece
Management
Assignment: 4 Pages, Deadline:
5 days
Great work and formatting. The rubric was followed and your help certainly bumped up my grades. Thank you for your help!!
User ID: 1***16 Mississauga, Canada
Supply Chain
Assignment: 2 Pages, Deadline:
5 days
I am delighted with expert work this time because the assignment is written with excellent words and less similarity.
User ID: 7***43 Australia
Statistics
Thesis: 19 Pages, Deadline:
9 days
Assignment was good. and i scored the amount i was looking for. passed all assignments
User ID: 3***26 Male, Maldives
Statistics
Programming: 2.4 Pages, Deadline:
4 days
Perfect score, the assignment was excellently done, great service, the professor, said excellent grade. I will continue using this service for all my …
User ID: 1***17 New York, United States