PY110 Exploring Psychological Research- Severity of Panic

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PY110 Exploring Psychological Research

Task

Task 1: Intervention to Improve Reading Fluency

Research Scenario

An educational psychologist wanted to investigate the effectiveness of a new intervention for spelling and word decoding problems in children experiencing reading difficulties in primary school.  Twenty-five children from six local primary schools were recommended for inclusion on the programme by the special needs assistant (SNA) in each school.   The children attended an after-school reading-writers’ workshop 2 times a week for 10 weeks. Prior to the programme, the children were administered the Gray Oral Reading Test, Fifth Edition (GORT-5: Bryant & Wiederholt, 2011) to assess reading fluency. At the end of the 10-week programme the children were tested again. Rate, Accuracy, Fluency, and Comprehension are reported as raw scores. The Fluency Score which is a combination of the student’s Rate and Accuracy Scores are set out below. Higher scores indicate a higher level of reading fluency.

Enter the associated data into SPSS and answer the below questions

Participant ID

Pre GORT-5 Score

Post GORT-5 Score

1

49

51

2

53

53

3

48

53

4

51

54

5

48

54

6

50

55

7

49

56

8

54

56

9

53

57

10

55

59

11

57

64

12

59

60

13

55

61

14

57

62

15

54

63

16

61

65

17

58

65

18

62

67

19

55

68

20

56

68

21

59

69

22

58

69

23

61

70

24

60

68

25

60

68

a. Formally state the null hypothesis and the research (alternative) hypothesis for this research scenario.  (2 marks)

b. State the independent variable (name its levels) and the dependent variable (2 marks)

c. Identify a potential extraneous variable for this study and propose how the researchers may control for it in the research scenario (3 marks)

d. Conduct all the relevant tests of assumptions and report in full. (5 marks)

e. Present an APA table of descriptive statistics and chart to illustrate the data and facilitate interpretation. (5 marks)

f. Conduct the appropriate main analysis and report the results in full. (8 marks)

Task 2: Reaction Times under New Sedative

Research Scenario

A psychologist is interested in the effect of a new sedative on reaction times (RT) as she was concerned it may negatively impact driving performance. A total of 40 participants aged between 35 and 75 years were randomised into two groups: Group A (n = 20) received a placebo (a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value), group B (n = 20) received the new sedative drug. Participants in both groups were instructed to take their drug and one hour later had to react on a simple visual stimulus test that captures automatic reactions to stimuli.  The RT scores are set out in the table below. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Enter the associated data into SPSS and answer the below questions

Participant ID

Drug Condition

RT

1

Placebo

120

2

Placebo

139

3

Placebo

142

4

Placebo

144

5

Placebo

158

6

Placebo

165

7

Placebo

171

8

Placebo

178

9

Placebo

244

10

Placebo

245

11

Placebo

256

12

Placebo

267

13

Placebo

268

14

Placebo

290

15

Placebo

135

16

Placebo

137

17

Placebo

133

18

Placebo

243

19

Placebo

270

20

Placebo

271

21

Sedative

131

22

Sedative

138

23

Sedative

138

24

Sedative

141

25

Sedative

142

26

Sedative

142

27

Sedative

143

28

Sedative

145

29

Sedative

156

30

Sedative

167

31

Sedative

191

32

Sedative

230

33

Sedative

130

34

Sedative

136

35

Sedative

137

36

Sedative

168

37

Sedative

190

38

Sedative

233

39

Sedative

120

40

Sedative

154

a. Formally state the null hypothesis and the research (alternative) hypothesis for this research scenario.  (2 marks)

b. State the independent variable (name its levels) and the dependent variable (2 marks)

c. Why does this study design use a placebo? Is there an alternative to the use of a placebo when designing this study? Briefly describe. (3 marks)

d. Conduct all the relevant tests of assumptions and report in full. (5 marks)

e. Present an APA table of descriptive statistics and chart to illustrate the data and facilitate interpretation. (5 marks)

f. Carry out the relevant main analysis and report your findings in full.  (8 marks)

Task 3: Intervention to Reduce Frequency and Severity of Panic Attacks

Research Scenario

Panic disorder (PD) is a common, severe and persistent mental disorder, associated with a high degree of distress and occupational and social disability. A clinical psychologist wanted to assess the effectiveness of an applied relaxation training intervention aimed at preventing panic disorder onset and reducing panic symptoms. The intervention consisted of eight sessions of two hours each over 4 weeks. The participants were recruited through community mental health centres and included 20 people aged 18 and 45 years of age with subthreshold or mild panic disorder as diagnosed by the DSM-V. The participants completed the Panic Disorder Severity Scale-Self Report (PDSS-SR: Houck, 2002) at two time points: Week 1 prior to the intervention; Week 8 after successful completion of the intervention.  The PDSS-SR contains seven items that assess the severity of seven dimensions of panic disorder and associated symptoms. It generates a total score ranging from 0 to 28 with a higher score indicating more severe panic symptoms. 

Enter the associated data into SPSS and answer the below questions

Class ID

Pre PDSS-SR Score

Post PDSS-SR Score

1

12

12

2

10

10

3

20

19

4

19

18

5

21

21

6

21

20

7

22

18

8

23

21

9

20

20

10

24

22

11

24

24

12

22

21

13

22

21

14

23

23

15

23

22

16

23

20

17

25

20

18

25

21

19

26

20

20

26

22

a. Formally state the null hypothesis and the research (alternative) hypothesis for this research scenario.  (2 marks)

b. State the independent variable (name its levels) and the dependent variable (2 marks)

c. Identify a potential ethical issue associated with the research scenario above and suggest how to ensure ethical compliance. (3 marks).

d. Conduct all the relevant tests of assumptions and report in full. (5 marks).

e. Present an APA table of descriptive statistics and chart to illustrate the data and facilitate interpretation. (5 marks)

f. Carry out the relevant main analysis and report your findings in full.  (8 marks)

Task 4: The use of Mental Imagery to Aid Memory.

Research Scenario

A psychology lecturer wanted to demonstrate to a class of undergraduate students (n = 30) that the use of mental imagery can improve memory and prepared a list of 40 pairs of nouns (e.g. dog/bicycle, grass/door, lamp/piano). Near the end of class, the lecturer stated they were conducting an experiment on memory and randomly divided the class into two groups.  Group A moved to a different room.  Participants in group A (n = 15) were given the word list for 5 minutes and only instructed to memorise the 40 noun pairs. Participants in group B (n = 15) were given the same list of words, but in addition to the regular instructions, they were instructed to form a mental image for each pair of nouns (e.g. imagine a dog riding a bicycle). Later, each group were given a timed pen and paper memory test and the number of words correctly recalled for each student were recorded. Based on this data, can the lecturer demonstrate that mental imagery affected the memory recall of the participants?

Enter the associated data into SPSS and answer the below questions

Subject Number

Condition

Words Recalled

1

No imagery

18

2

No imagery

15

3

No imagery

20

4

No imagery

19

5

No imagery

19

6

No imagery

22

7

No imagery

18

8

No imagery

20

9

No imagery

17

10

No imagery

18

11

No imagery

16

12

No imagery

16

13

No imagery

17

14

No imagery

19

15

No imagery

21

16

Imagery

18

17

Imagery

19

18

Imagery

20

19

Imagery

15

20

Imagery

17

21

Imagery

14

22

Imagery

18

23

Imagery

20

24

Imagery

17

25

Imagery

18

26

Imagery

16

27

Imagery

21

28

Imagery

19

29

Imagery

19

30

Imagery

16

a. Formally state the null hypothesis and the research (alternative) hypothesis for this research scenario.  (2 marks)

b. State the independent variable (name its levels) and the dependent variable (2 marks)

c. Conduct all the relevant tests of assumptions and report in full. (5 marks)

d. Present an APA table of descriptive statistics and chart to illustrate the data and facilitate interpretation. (5 marks)

e. Carry out the relevant main analysis and report your findings in full.  (8 marks)

f. Identify a potential extraneous variable for this study and indicate how it may have impacted the research findings.  (3 mark)

PY110 Exploring Psychological Research

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