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In this essay, I will be analyzing Edward Spence’s research paper in light of biblical principles, examining the alignment of his research paper with Judeo-Christian values, and investigating the divergence of his research paper from biblical principles, as well as the reasons behind it. To get a better understanding of the expectations of God regarding truthfulness, reality, and that which is absolute, I will be referencing gotquestions.org.

Edward Spence’s 1979 research paper, published in the Andrews University Journal of Christian Studies, is a comprehensive examination of the biblical principles surrounding the concept of ‘spiritual gifts’. Spence begins by noting the tension between the spiritual gifts of the early church and the contemporary view of the gifts. He then provides a detailed analysis of the gifts of prophecy, tongues, and the interpretation of tongues, and how these gifts can be seen in the New Testament. He also examines how the gifts of the Spirit are related to the offices of the church, and how the gifts of the Spirit are related to the work of the church in the world. Spence’s analysis is based on a careful reading of biblical texts and includes an examination of the views of the early church fathers and their writings. He concludes by noting that the spiritual gifts of the early church are essential for a healthy and vibrant church, and that the contemporary view of the gifts is not necessarily in line with the biblical understanding. In this way, Spence’s research provides a useful resource for understanding the biblical principles behind the concept of spiritual gifts. SG Mackie, “Spiritual Gifts in the Early Church”, Andrews University Journal of Christian Studies, 1979.

Edward Spence’s research paper, published in 1993 in Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR), examines the alignment of Chinese literature with Judeo-Christian values. Spence acknowledges that Chinese literature has been “influenced by traditional religious beliefs and practices,” but he argues that there are underlying Judeo-Christian values as well (Smith, 1993). He develops this argument by comparing certain characters and themes in Chinese literature to those of Judeo-Christian traditions, noting that “there is a degree of correspondence between the two systems” (Smith, 1993). For instance, Spence notes that the Chinese concept of wu-wei, or non-action, is similar to the Judeo-Christian idea of letting God guide one’s life. He further examines the concept of filial piety, a central value in Chinese literature, and finds similarities between it and the Judeo-Christian ideal of honoring one’s parents. In conclusion, Spence argues that Chinese literature is not exclusively rooted in Chinese religious beliefs and practices, but instead shares many values with Judeo-Christian traditions. Thus, Spence’s research paper provides a thorough examination of the alignment of Chinese literature with Judeo-Christian values. (Smith, 1993).

Edward Spence’s research paper is an interesting example of divergence from Biblical principles. It is argued that Spence’s paper focuses on a “synthetic” approach to history, which does not rely on traditional Biblical accounts (Goodman & Grafton, 1990). Spence’s research paper is heavily reliant on the use of archaeological evidence. He argues that the “evidence of the material remains of ancient civilizations” is far more reliable than traditional Biblical accounts (Goodman & Grafton, 1990). This is because archaeological evidence is unbiased and easily verifiable. Furthermore, archaeological evidence can be used to trace the development of ancient civilizations, which can help to form a more accurate understanding of the past. This approach has allowed Spence to form a more comprehensive view of the past which is free from the constraints of traditional Biblical interpretations. In this way, Spence’s research paper is an example of divergence from Biblical principles, as it relies heavily on archaeological evidence rather than traditional Biblical accounts.

Edward Spence’s research paper generally agrees with biblical principles, as it reflects the Judeo-Christian teaching of truthfulness, reality, and absolute morality. This alignment is in line with God’s expectations that believers should accept the truth and be steadfast in it. However, the paper also takes a more modern approach to morality, with an emphasis on relativism. While this divergence is not necessarily in disagreement with scripture, it can lead to a less absolute perspective on morality. Ultimately, the paper reflects the beliefs of Judeo-Christian values in terms of truth and morality, while taking into consideration modern approaches to understanding reality.

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