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1. FIGURE 1 shows a pneumatic circuit diagram used to control the operation of ba double acting cylinder.

(a) Name all the numbered components in the system.

(b) State how the system works, explaining the function of each component.

(c) Using a suitable diagram, show how the system could be modified so that, on a single command by the operator, the piston moves to the right and then immediately back to the left again, stopping after one such cycle.

2. Design and draw a circuit using the cascade system to operate two cylinders (A and B) which, on the operation of a start valve, produces the sequence A + B – B + A-. The cylinders should park in the positions B + A – when the start switch is in the ‘off’ position.

3. Modify the circuit designed for question 2 to provide an emergency stop which will park both cylinders in the extended position (i.e. A + B +).

4. Show, with the aid of a schematic diagram, how an electronic controller could be included in the circuit designed for question 3 to control the sequence of cylinder operation.

The circuit should also include a fail-safe which should:

(a) act in the event of a reduced pressure at inlet to the group selecting valve

(b) act in the event of a failure of the electric supply and

(c) park the cylinders in the retracted position. Explain the operation of the fail-safe.

5

. (a) Draw the circuit diagram showing how a bi-directional hydraulic motor can be driven by a unidirectional hydraulic pump with both torque control and “meter out” speed control.

(b) Explain the operation of the circuit you have designed in part (a) above.

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