Question 1
(a) Feasibility and design
Cost Estimation: Work up on the estimated initial cost to assess the financial viability of the project, taking into the consideration of the different design selection and potential materials.
Value Engineering: Work with the design team to identify cost-effective solutions that maintain quality while optimizing project expenses.
Budgeting: Establish an overall project budget, helping to set financial constraints for design decisions and ensuring alignment with client expectations.
(b) Tender Documentation and Tender Award
Preparation of Tender Documents:Develop comprehensive tender documentation, including bills of quantities and specifications, ensuring clarity and completeness for potential contractors.
Tender Analysis:Evaluate submitted tenders, comparing costs and methodologies to ensure the selection of the most suitable contractor based on both price and capability.
Negotiation and Award:Facilitate negotiations between the client and selected contractor, guiding the contract award process to ensure fair terms and compliance with project requirements.
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(c) Post Contract Work
Cost Control and Reporting:Monitor project costs against the budget, providing regular reports to the client and identifying any variances or potential overruns.
Change Management:Assess and manage changes to the project scope, ensuring proper documentation and cost implications are communicated and approved.
Final Account Preparation:Compile the final account at project completion, reconciling all costs and ensuring that all contractual obligations have been met before closing the project financially.
Question 2
(a) The CEMS (Construction and Engineering Measurement Standards) rules for measuring oversite excavation and the disposal of excavated materials focus on accurate and standardized measurement practices. Here’s a brief explanation along with relevant diagrams:
CEMS Rules for Oversite Excavation Measurement
1 Extent of Excavation:
Measure the area that requires excavation, usually defined by the building footprint and any additional areas as specified in the drawings.
Diagram:
2 Depth of Excavation:
Establish the depth required for the excavation, which should be clearly indicated on the drawings or site specifications. Measurement is taken from the natural ground level to the specified excavation depth.
3 Volume Calculation:
Calculate the volume of excavated material by multiplying the area of excavation by the average depth. The formula used is:
Volume = Area x Depth
Diagram:
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CEMS Rules for Disposal of Excavated Materials
1 ) Measurement of Excavated Materials:
Record the amount of excavated material disposed of off-site. This can be done by weighing or volumetric measurement (e.g., trucks, bins). Diagram:
2) Disposal Location:
Identify and document the disposal site, ensuring it meets environmental regulations. This includes recording distances and transportation methods.
Diagram:
3) Transportation Measurement:
Measure the distance from the excavation site to the disposal site to account for transportation costs and logistics. This is essential for accurate billing.
Diagram:
The measurement of oversite excavation and the disposal of materials involves clear definitions and accurate calculations of area, depth, volume, and transportation. Adhering to CEMS rules ensures consistency, accuracy, and compliance with project specifications.
(b)Reduced Level:
Depth (From EGL to RL)
(20.100 – 20.000) + 150 + 200 + 75 = 525mm
RL = 20.100 – 0.525 = 19.575
Depth of Oversite Excavation
– 19.575 = 525mm
Take – off list for oversite excavation & disposal:
Question 3
(a) Excavation, Concrete, and Formwork for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Excavation Volume for Oversite:
Thickness: 250 mm (0.25m)
Area based on dimensions from figures (assume length and width from Figures Q3.1 to Q3.3).
Volume Calculation: Volume = Area x 0.25m
Excavation for Pile Caps:
Area of each pile cap (assumed dimensions from figures).
Volume Calculation: Volume = Length × Width × Depth
Total Excavation Volume:
Combine volumes from oversite and pile caps.
Concrete for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
1 Volume of Concrete for Pile Caps:
Dimensions of pile caps (length, width, height).
Volume Calculation: Volume = Length × Width × Height
2 Volume of Concrete for Column Stumps:
Use height from average ground level (100.975) to the top of the pile cap.
Add the height of the column stump projecting above the pile cap.
Volume Calculation: Volume = Cross-sectional Area × Height
3 Total Concrete Volume:
Sum volumes of pile caps and column stumps.
Formwork for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Calculate the surface area requiring formwork. Formwork Area Calculation: Area for pile caps and column stumps based on dimensions (use perimeter formula).
(b)Reinforcement for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Reinforcement Calculation
1.Pile Caps:
Main bars laid both ways:
Calculate number of bars based on dimensions.
Total length of reinforcement = (Number of bars) × (Length of each bar).
2.Column Stumps:
Main bars projecting above the pile cap (400 mm).
Total length = (Number of stumps) × (Length of each bar).
3. Links for Pile Caps:
Determine spacing and number of links required (H10 mm @ 175 mm c/c).
(c)Precast Reinforced Concrete Piles
1. Volume of Piles: Dimensions: 175 mm x 175 mm, depth = 18.00 m. Calculate volume for one pile and then multiply by the total number of piles required. Volume= (0.175m × 0.175m) × 18.00m
2.Total Quantity of Piles: Include any additional requirements based on project scope.
Question 4
a) Excavation, Concrete, and Formwork for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Excavation
Oversite Excavation:
Thickness: 250 mm (0.25 m).
Area Calculation: Volume =Area × 0.25m
Excavation for Pile Caps:
Determine the dimensions of each pile cap from the figures (assumed dimensions, e.g., 1.5 m x 1.5 m x depth)
Volume Calculation: Volume = Length × Width × Depth
Total Excavation Volume:
Add volumes from the oversite excavation and pile caps.
2) Concrete for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Pile Caps:
Dimensions: Assume dimensions (e.g., 1.5 m x 1.5 m, depth of 0.6 m).
Volume Calculation: Volume = Length × Width × Height
Column Stumps:
Height calculated from the average ground level (100.975) to the top of the pile cap.
Add the height of the projection (400 mm).
Assume a square section for simplicity (e.g., 0.4 m x 0.4 m).
Volume Calculation: Volume = Cross-sectional Area × Height
Total Concrete Volume:
Sum volumes for both pile caps and column stumps.
3) Formwork for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Calculate the surface area of the formwork needed.
Area Calculation: Use the perimeter of each pile cap and column stump to calculate the formwork required.
(b)Reinforcement for Pile Caps and Column Stumps
Reinforcement Calculation
Pile Caps:
Main bars: 4 x H20 mm.
Calculate the length of bars based on the dimensions of the pile cap and the spacing required.
Total Length = Number of Bars × Length of Each Bar
Column Stumps:
Calculate the number of main bars based on height and spacing.
Projected length above ground (400 mm) must be included in calculations.
Total Length = Number of Stump s× (Height + 0.4)
Links for Pile Caps:
H10 mm diameter links @ 175 mm c/c.
Calculate the number of links based on the area.
(c)Precast Reinforced Concrete Working Piles
Piles Calculation
Dimensions: 175 mm x 175 mm, driven depth of 18.00 m.
Volume Calculation for One Pile:
Volume = (0.175m × 0.175m) × 18.00m = 0.551625m3
Multiply by the total number of piles required based on project specifications.
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