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This final assessment is worth 20% of your final grade in the course and consists of 10 questions for a total of 30 marks. Answer all of the questions thoroughly but concisely. Try for about a halfpage of text (typed, single-spaced, minimum 2 cm margin) for each question. Point form or diagrams are acceptable provided we can understand what you are trying to communicate. Some questions can be answered more succinctly; keep in mind that more information is not necessarily better, especially if it is incorrect. You can carry over space from one question to another if you find you need more than a half page to address one specific question. Although there are no ‘Style marks’, there will be a -1 mark deduction for assignments that exceed 5 pages in total. Any irrelevant or incorrect info will not earn you any marks, so do make sure you are specifically addressing what the question is asking based on what you have learned about biochemistry in this course.
No inquiries regarding the content or interpretation of the questions will be answered and you should not discuss it with your peers. Read the questions carefully and do your best to address what the questions are asking to demonstrate what you have learned throughout the course.
Since your answers should be based on the material presented in BCH210H, you do not need to provide in-text citations or references and should not need to do any outside research (ie. googling the answers! Presenting random info not covered in the course won’t help your response and could be considered as an external aid, see next paragraph…).
You are expected to complete this assessment independently and are responsible for maintaining academic integrity in this course. All submissions will be screened using Ouriginal and any questionable responses will be investigated. 
Save your file as Name.Final.BCH210H.Fall.2021.pdf (where ‘Name’ is your lastname.first name) and upload your answers on Quercus using the Final Assessment assignment submission. Double check that your submission is visible and that you have correctly uploaded your answers.
Files that cannot be read or are submitted incorrectly may result in a grade of 0. Do not leave your submission until the last minute as there will be the standard late penalty applied (-10%/day) and no submissions will be accepted after 48 hours of the due date.
There are 3 pages to this final assessment
1. ATP can be involved in a variety of metabolic reactions in 2 different ways. Explain the role of ATP and provide two specific examples of enzymes that uses ATP and their enzyme classification. Note – The enzymes should belong to different enzyme classes to illustrate the different roles ATP plays. Explain what the effect or outcome will be when ATP is used in each of the two reactions. (3 marks)
2. It is believed that mitochondria are responsible for most of the ATP made in a cell. Provide a breakdown in the form of a calculation to illustrate what percentage of ATP is made under aerobic conditions in the mitochondria from a single molecule of glucose. You do not need to provide individual reactions but do need to clearly explain where the ATP comes from citing specific pathways or steps and any necessary high energy intermediates, and how they lead to ATP production. (3 marks)
Enzymes and the Regulation of Metabolism
3. Outline 4 different ways a linear pathway can be inhibited. Of the 4 described, which would be the most effective and which would be the fastest mode of inhibition? (3 marks)

4. Glucose and fructose can exist as different structures in solutions and can be used as substrates by different enzymes. Glucokinase and hexokinase are two different enzymes that catalyze similar reactions. State the full name of the sugar(s) that each of these enzymes interacts with and explain how they achieve their specificity. You may either choose to write out the full names of the sugars that these enzymes interact with to illustrate their specificity or provide structures in your response. If you choose to include structures, they can either be hand drawn or taken from another source but must be Haworth projections. (2 marks)
5. Both liver and muscle cells can either use glucose for energy or store it as glycogen. Why might these cells decide to use glucose vs. storing it, and how does regulation determine the fate of the glucose? Be sure to provide details about how the regulation is achieved (ie. the mechanism of actions) including any necessary molecules or regulated enzymes in the various pathways. (3 marks)
6. a) Fatty acid degradation and synthesis have many similarities but are uniquely different. Explain two ways that these pathways are similar and two ways that they differ. (2 marks) 
b) How are fatty acid degradation and fat synthesis reciprocally regulated to ensure they are not both on at the same time in an individual cell? Provide the rationale for why this reciprocal regulation makes sense given the origin of any required regulatory molecules. (2 marks)
Medical Implications of Biochemistry
7. Humans can go about 3 weeks without food (carbs/fats/proteins), 3 days without water, but only 3 minutes without oxygen. Explain the biochemical basis of this statement citing specific pathways involved. (3 marks)
8. Why is acidosis a life-threatening condition? Give one example of why metabolic acidosis may arise and where the source of protons originates. (3 marks)
9. One of the complications of McArdle disease is cardiovascular disease. What lipoprotein is mainly responsible for causing cardiovascular disease and why would a blood test reveal elevated levels of this lipoprotein in a patient with McArdle disease? Explain what is going on at the cellular level including where it is made and why the various components would made in excess. (3 marks)
10. Would you rather be hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic? Explain the chosen condition and how it arises, any negative consequences, and how the body compensates biochemically. (3 marks)

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